Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic response to specific airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander. It can occur seasonally or year-round, depending on the trigger.
Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance as a threat and releases chemicals like histamine to fight it. Common triggers include:
• Pollen: A primary cause of seasonal allergies.
• Dust Mites: Tiny insects found in household dust.
• Mold: Spores from mold can act as allergens.
• Pet Dander: Proteins found in an animal’s skin, saliva, or urine.
• Smoke or Pollution: These can irritate the nasal passages and worsen symptoms.
Understanding your triggers is key to managing allergic rhinitis effectively.
Symptoms vary in severity but often include:
• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Itchy nose, eyes, or throat
• Watery or red eyes
• Postnasal drip
• Fatigue from disrupted sleep
These symptoms can interfere with daily activities and reduce quality of life.
An ENT specialist can diagnose allergic rhinitis through:
• Medical history and symptom review
• Allergy testing, such as skin prick tests
• Blood tests to identify specific allergens
Treatment options include:
• Medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, or nasal corticosteroids.
• Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy): Long-term treatment to desensitize the immune system to allergens.
• Avoidance Measures: Reducing exposure to known triggers.
Here are some strategies to minimize symptoms:
• Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons.
• Use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters at home.
• Regularly wash bedding and vacuum carpets.
• Rinse nasal passages with saline to remove irritants.
• Wear a mask when cleaning or outdoors during allergy seasons.
If over-the-counter treatments are not effective or symptoms significantly impact your daily life, consult an ENT specialist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan to help you breathe and feel better.
