Nasal polyps are soft, painless, noncancerous growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. While they may not always cause symptoms, larger polyps or clusters can lead to breathing difficulties and other complications.
Nasal polyps are often the result of chronic inflammation in the nasal passages. Common contributing factors include:
• Chronic Sinusitis: Long-term inflammation of the sinuses.
• Allergies: Conditions like hay fever that cause persistent irritation.
• Asthma: Particularly non-allergic asthma.
• Infections: Recurring or long-lasting infections in the nasal cavity.
• Immune System Disorders: Conditions that lead to prolonged inflammation.
While anyone can develop nasal polyps, they are more common in adults with these underlying conditions.
Symptoms of nasal polyps can vary depending on their size and location. Common signs include:
• Persistent nasal congestion
• Difficulty breathing through the nose
• Reduced or lost sense of smell or taste
• Postnasal drip or nasal discharge
• Frequent sinus infections
• Snoring or sleep disturbances
Smaller polyps may not cause noticeable symptoms, while larger polyps can obstruct airflow.
To diagnose nasal polyps, a healthcare provider may perform:
• A physical exam with a nasal endoscope
• Imaging studies like CT scans to visualize the sinuses
• Allergy tests to identify triggers
Treatment options include:
• Medications: Nasal corticosteroids or oral medications to reduce inflammation and shrink polyps.
• Surgery: In severe cases, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) may be necessary to remove polyps and improve airflow.
While it may not be possible to completely prevent nasal polyps, managing underlying conditions and reducing nasal irritation can help. Strategies include:
• Using saline nasal sprays to keep nasal passages moist
• Avoiding allergens and irritants
• Treating allergies and asthma effectively
• Practicing good hygiene to avoid infections
If you experience persistent nasal congestion, frequent infections, or a significant reduction in your sense of smell, consult an ENT specialist. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.
