A neck mass, or lump, can be a concerning finding. While many neck masses are benign, they can occasionally indicate more serious conditions. Understanding the possible causes can help guide when to seek medical evaluation.
Neck masses can develop for a variety of reasons, including:
• Swollen lymph nodes due to viral or bacterial infections, such as a cold, flu, or strep throat.
• Abscesses caused by untreated infections.
• Branchial cleft cysts or thyroglossal duct cysts are often discovered in children or young adults.
• Lipomas (fatty tumors) or fibromas.
• Enlarged salivary glands due to stones or other obstructions.
• Goiter or thyroid nodules related to hormonal imbalances or iodine deficiency.
• Malignant tumors from nearby structures, such as the thyroid, lymph nodes, or salivary glands.
• Metastatic cancer from another area of the body.
Certain features of a neck mass may warrant further evaluation, such as:
• A lump that persists or grows over time
• Pain or tenderness
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Associated symptoms like weight loss, fever, or night sweats
To determine the cause of a neck mass, an ENT specialist may perform:
• Physical Examination: Assessing the size, location, and texture of the lump.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans to visualize the mass and surrounding structures.
• Biopsy: Sampling tissue for further analysis.
The treatment for a neck mass depends on the underlying cause:
• Infections: May require antibiotics or drainage.
• Benign Growths: Often monitored or surgically removed if symptomatic.
• Cancerous Masses: Managed with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
If you notice a new neck mass or one that persists longer than two weeks, it’s essential to seek medical advice. Early evaluation can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment, ensuring the best possible outcomes.
